Work-integration social economy

The work integration of disadvantaged workers represents a challenge which both public employment policies and innovating initiatives, carried out by social enterprises (be they cooperatives, NPOs, or other forms of organisations) seek to meet.
These initiatives can be considered to form the so-called "work-integration social economy".

In Europe and beyond

• Campi, S., Defourny, J., & Grégoire, O. (2006). Work Integration Social Enterprises: Are they Multi-stakeholder and Multiple Goal Organizations? In M., Nyssens (Ed.), Social Enterprise: At the Crossroads of Market, Public Policies and Civil Society (pp. 29-49). Londres & New York: Routledge.
• Davister, C., Defourny, J., & Grégoire, O. (2004). Les entreprises sociales d’insertion dans l’Union Européenne : un aperçu général. RECMA – Revue Internationale de l'Economie Sociale, 293, 24-50.

In Belgium

• Defourny, J., Henry, A., Nassaut, S., & Nyssens, M. (2009). Les titres-services : quelle qualité d'emploi et d'organisation du service? Regards économiques, 69, 1-16.
• Henry, A., Nassaut, S., Defourny, J., & Nyssens, M. (2009). Economie plurielle et régulation publique. Le quasi-marché des titres-services en Belgique. Gand: Academia Press.